Natural History of Opioid Use in Naive and Tolerant Patients in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: Opioid use after revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative opioid use during rTHA. Methods: Patients undergoing revision THA from 2010 to 2018 were screened for opioid use 3 months before revision surgery and tracked 24 months postoperatively. Patients were categorized as naïve or tolerant. Opioid prescriptions and average morphine milligram equivalents (MME) were compared between the two groups. Results: One hundred twenty-four of 247 patients (50%) in the tolerant group averaged a preoperative MME of 23.7 mg/day. Postoperatively, tolerant patients received significantly higher daily MME at all time points, including at 3 months 31.4 versus 18.1 mg/day (P < 0.001), 6 months 19.9 versus 2.95 mg/day (P < 0.001), 12 months 14.3 versus 3.5 mg/day (P < 0.001), and 24 months 10.7 versus 2.17 mg/day (P < 0.001). Tolerant patients were more likely to have a prescription at 6 months (44% versus 22%), 12 months (41.4% versus 24%), and 24 months (38% versus 19.3%) (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P < 0.001, respectively) Discussion: Opioid-tolerant patients had higher postoperative MME requirements for longer recovery duration. Both groups reduced opioid use at 3 months and plateaued at 6 months. These findings can help the revision surgeon counsel patients and expectations.