Genetic Diversity in Populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Cruciferous Weeds in Central Coastal California

Abstract

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (X. campestris) infects a large number of cruciferous plants, including weeds. California has one of the largest and most diverse populations of wild cruciferous plants in the world. Although considerable information is available on the genetic diversity of X. campestris in commercial crop plants, nothing is known about the diversity in strains infecting weeds. To assess the genetic diversity among strains of X. campestris in weeds in noncultivated and cultivated areas, strains of the pathogen were isolated from populations of cruciferous weeds growing in coastal valley crop-production sites and from remote nonproduction sites along the California central coast. Results of fingerprinting over 68 strains using amplified fragment length polymorphism along with representative strains by sequence analysis showed the presence of seven genotypes. Genotypes A and B were limited to coastal sites; genotypes C, D, and E were from inland cultivated sites; and genotypes F and G were present in both coastal noncultivated and inland cultivated sites. Crop strains were grouped outside any weed strain group and were separated from the weed strains and other pathovars of X. campestris. These results revealed, for the first time, that strains of X. campestris present in noncultivated coastal weed populations generally were unique to a site and genetically distinct from strains present in populations of weeds in crop-production areas located nearby.