1. However, it has a respectable philosophical basis in American pragmatism, notably in the work of Dewey (e.g. Dewey 1997 [1938]; Hein 2006). One of the few works which address the non-rational aspects of museums as places in which people work is Gurian (1995).
2. These studies control for income, education, gender, smoking, and chronic illness, which means that cultural attendance is a separate, independent variable. For a summary of the public health literature on museums, see O'Neill (2010).
3. This would be late, post-World War I Freud, when the carnage of war made him less confident that the subconscious “does not believe in its own death; it behaves as it if were immortal” and he developed the idea of the countervailing “death instinct” (based on the ideas of one of his patients, Sabina Spielrein (Freud 2001 [1915]).
4. http://www.tmt.missouri.edu/publications.html (accessed June 13, 2011).
5. “The magnitude of the effect was… [in] the top quartile for psychology in general and the 80th percentile for theories in personality and social psychology. Furthermore we did not find evidence of publication bias” (Burke et al. 2010: 185, 186).