Influence of Spatial Perception Ability on Virtual Annotation Response in Teleoperation of Excavator

Abstract

Virtual annotation (VA) for compromising visual limitations during teleoperation can provide critical instructional information, but it remains to be verified whether an operator can respond to VA timely and accurately while operating. Studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between spatial perception ability (SPA) and teleoperating performance. Many studies considered that those with greater SPA have a lower mental workload and more attention on other matters. Therefore, this study sought to examine whether an operator with greater SPA can respond better to VA. Quantitative results from the SPA test questionnaire and the teleoperated excavator experiment showed a significant inverse relationship between SPA and the response time. It is expected that the results could improve the effectiveness of selecting teleoperators and optimize prior management.