Intraosseous myofibroma mimicking an odontogenic lesion: case report, literature review, and differential diagnosis

Abstract

Abstract Background Intraosseous myofibroma of the jaw is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin with limited comprehensive understanding. It typically affects patients in the first two decades of life with a male predilection. Case presentation This study presents a rare case of myofibroma mimicking an odontogenic lesion in a 2-year-old boy. The patient presented with an incidental finding of a painless swelling of the right mandibular ramus of unknown etiology. Imaging analysis revealed a solid, expansile lesion adjacent to the germinal zone of the right mandibular first molar. Histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemistry after incisional biopsy suggested a possible central odontogenic fibroma, and the patient underwent total enucleation, leading to the final diagnosis of intraosseous myofibroma. Follow-up examinations showed no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions This report contributes to the understanding of myofibroma in pediatric patients and underscores the critical role of meticulous histopathologic examination for effective surgical planning and optimal patient outcomes.