Effect analysis of medial bracing plate combined with cannulated screw in unstable femoral neck fracture assisted by surgical hip dislocation: a retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract Background Unstable femoral neck fractures have a high likelihood of causing severe disruption to the blood supply. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of surgical hip dislocation using a medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged adults. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 young adults who underwent internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures. The observation group included 32 patients who had received medial support plate and cannulated screw fixation by the surgical hip dislocation method and 36 patients who had undergone anti-rotation screw composite compression system fixation comprised the comparison group. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, surgery duration, fracture recovery time and complications were recorded. The degree of femoral neck shortening and Garden index were assessed using the Zlowodzki method. Additionally, hip functionality was evaluated using the Harris score at 3 and 6 months and at the last follow-up. Results All 68 patients in both groups were followed up for 12–42 months (mean, 22.4 months). The postoperative incision was well-aligned and no inflation was observed. The intraoperative blood loss and surgery duration in the comparison group were longer than those in the observation. Additionally, the observation group had a significantly shorter fracture recovery time and a higher Garden index than the comparison at 6 months postoperatively; however, there was no significant statistical discrepancy between the two groups at the remaining time points. The observation group had higher Harris scores than the comparison at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion Surgical hip dislocation applied to the medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation has clinical application value in restoring the stability of femoral neck fractures while facilitating the maintenance of blood flow to the femoral head and neck.