A novel technique for treating simple transverse patellar fractures using cannulated screws: a cadaveric and clinical study

Abstract

Abstract Background Tension band wiring (TBW) has conventionally been used for the open reduction and internal fixation of the patella. However, it suffers from distinct disadvantages such as large incision, implant irritation, and need for subsequent implant removal. Here, we propose a novel technique using closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with three cannulated screws (TCS), which may be an alternative to this established conventional technique. Although some researchers have proposed alternative methods including closed reduction and cannulated screw fixation, with or without additional wires through the screws, and arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation, there are few studies that focus on the biomechanical stability of percutaneous fixation using only cannulated screws. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate TCS versus TBW for simple transverse patellar fractures in cadaveric and patients' level, aiming to determine whether TCS show superiority over TBW in terms of biomechanical stability in a cadaveric study with benign clinical feasibility and outcomes in patients. Methods We conducted a cadaveric study with 15 knee specimens that had simple transverse patellar fractures. We used two fixation techniques: TBW (group A, n = 6) and TCS (group B, n = 9). We applied sinusoidal forces (25 N–125 N) at 1/5 Hz and 90° knee flexion to simulate knee movement. We compared the displacements at the fracture site between the two groups. We also used the same technique in a total of 23 patients and followed up them for at least 1 year. Results TCS demonstrated favourable biomechanical stability in the cadaveric study. The technique also performed excellently in terms of postoperative pain, knee function recovery, and complication rates during the follow-up period. Conclusions The technique provides a surgical treatment option with small incisions, minimal soft tissue irritation, and possibly lower removal rate of bothersome material.