Abstract
Abstract
Background
Through longitudinal, individual and adaptive monitoring of blood biomarkers, the haematological module of the athlete biological passport (ABP) has become a valuable tool in anti-doping efforts. The composition of blood as a vector of oxygen in the human body varies in athletes with the influence of multiple intrinsic (genetic) or extrinsic (training or environmental conditions) factors. In this context, it is fundamental to establish a comprehensive understanding of the various causes that may affect blood variables and thereby alter a fair interpretation of ABP profiles.
Methods
This literature review described the potential factors confounding the ABP to outline influencing factors altering haematological profiles acutely or chronically.
Results
Our investigation confirmed that natural variations in ABP variables appear relatively small, likely—at least in part—because of strong human homeostasis. Furthermore, the significant effects on haematological variations of environmental conditions (e.g. exposure to heat or hypoxia) remain debatable. The current ABP paradigm seems rather robust in view of the existing literature that aims to delineate adaptive individual limits. Nevertheless, its objective sensitivity may be further improved.
Conclusions
This narrative review contributes to disentangling the numerous confounding factors of the ABP to gather the available scientific evidence and help interpret individual athlete profiles.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Reference112 articles.
1. WADA. Athlete biological passport operating guidelines—version 7.1, June 2019 [Internet]. World Antidoping Agency; 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/guidelines_abp_v71.pdf.
2. Saugy M, Leuenberger N. Antidoping: from health tests to the athlete biological passport. Drug Test Anal. 2020;12(5):621–8.
3. Sottas P-E, Robinson N, Saugy M. The Athlete’s biological passport and indirect markers of blood doping. In: Thieme D, Hemmersbach P, editors. Doping in sports. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 305–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_14.
4. Banfi G. Limits and pitfalls of Athlete’s biological passport. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 Apr 14];49. Available from: https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cclm.2011.49.issue-9/cclm.2011.633/cclm.2011.633.xml.
5. Sottas P-E, Baume N, Saudan C, Schweizer C, Kamber M, Saugy M. Bayesian detection of abnormal values in longitudinal biomarkers with an application to T/E ratio. Biostatistics. 2007;8:285–96.
Cited by
9 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献