Correlation between the female pelvic floor biomechanical parameters and the severity of stress urinary incontinence

Abstract

Abstract Background Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition that requires proper evaluation to select a personalized therapy. Vaginal Tactile Imaging (VTI) is a novel method to assess the biomechanical parameters of the pelvic floor. Methods Women with SUI were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Medical, Epidemiologic, and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) questionnaire and the Patient Global Impression of Severity Question (PGI-S) and underwent a VTI examination. Based on the MESA and PGI-S questionnaires, participants were divided into mild, moderate, and severe SUI groups. Fifty-two biomechanical parameters of the pelvic floor were measured by VTI and compared between the groups (mild vs. moderate and severe). SUI Score and Index were calculated from the MESA questionnaire. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of association between selected VTI parameters and the MESA SUI Index and MESA SUI Score. Results Thirty-one women were enrolled into the study. Significant differences were observed in the VTI parameters 16, 22–24, 38, 39 when the difference between mild and severe subgroups of SUI based on the PGI-S score was examined. Parameter 16 refers to the maximum gradient at the perineal body, parameter 22–24 refers to the pressure response of the tissues behind the vaginal walls, and parameter 38, 39 refers the maximum pressure change and value on the right side at voluntary muscle contraction. VTI parameter 49, describing the displacement of the maximum pressure peak in the anterior compartment, showed a significant difference between the mild SUI and the moderate-severe SUI according to the MESA SUI score (mean ± SD 14.06 ± 5.16 vs. 7.54 ± 7.46, P = 0.04). The MESA SUI Index and SUI Score displayed a positive correlation concerning VTI parameters 4 (the maximum value of the posterior gradient) and 27 (the displacement of the maximum pressure peak in the anterior compartment) (VTI4 vs. MESA SUI Index r = 0.373, P = 0.039; VTI4 vs. MESA SUI Score r = 0.376, P = 0.037; VTI27 vs. MESA SUI Index r = 0.366, P = 0.043; VTI27 vs. MESA SUI Score r = 0.363, P = 0.044). Conclusions Female pelvic floor biomechanical parameters, as measured by VTI, correlate significantly with the severity of SUI and may help guide therapeutic decisions.