Characterising aetiologies and clinical-radiological factors of non-resolving pneumonia in a tertiary care centre

Abstract

Abstract Background Non-resolving pneumonia poses a significant clinical challenge. It is common to treat non-resolving pneumonia over an extended period of time, without evaluating the cause of failure or eliciting the exact aetiology. Objective To determine the aetiology and clinical-radiological profile of non-resolving pneumonia. Materials and methods Analytical, observational study done among 77 consecutive patients with non-resolving pneumonia, who attended a tertiary care centre over 1 year. Clinical details were obtained using prefixed questionnaires. Necessary diagnostic procedures like bronchoscopy and image guided transthoracic sampling along with histopathological and microbiological investigations were done to obtain final diagnosis. Results The most common aetiology was lung malignancy (44.2%) followed by chronic infections (40.3%) dominated by tuberculosis (14.3%). Adenocarcinoma (32.5%) was the commonest malignancy presenting as non-resolving consolidation. History of smoking (p value 0.001), chest pain (p value 0.001), and haemoptysis (p value 0.006) was associated with a diagnosis of malignancy. Actinomycosis (7%) had a significant association with chest pain (p value 0.032). Transthoracic image-guided tissue sampling had a high diagnostic yield of 84.8% and bronchoscopy of 66.9%. Conclusion Malignancy needs to be considered promptly once we encounter with non-resolution of consolidation. The clinical pointers like advanced age, smoking history, symptoms more than 8 weeks, symptoms like chest pain, and haemoptysis mandate evaluation for malignancy in non-resolving pneumonia. The labyrinth of diabetes mellitus impedes the timely resolution of infections.