The nutritional benefits of maize-soybean rotational systems in the North-Western Free State, South Africa

Abstract

Abstract Background Malnutrition is one of the major health concerns, particularly in the developing and under-developed world. In South Africa, maize is produced as a staple food and is the primary food for most of the country’s population. The North-Western Free State which forms part of the Nala municipality in the Lejweleputswa district of South Africa is a main producer of the country’s maize. However, the area is known for its sandy soil which contains little organic material, silt and clay. Maize in this area is normally grown in monoculture but with a focus on sustainable agriculture has recently incorporated soybean. As a means of fighting malnutrition, the objective of this study was to determine the influence that soybean incorporation as a rotation crop has on the nutritional value of maize. Methods A trial was conducted on the farm Christinasrus in the North-Western Free State to compare the nutritional value of monoculture maize and maize in rotation with soybean over three consecutive seasons. Maize kernel samples were taken each season and its nutritional properties analyzed. Subsequent data were further analyzed using statistical analysis. Results Results showed that there was a seasonal effect on all nutritional properties with a general decrease in nutritional values in wetter years. Cropping systems had an effect on fibre content, with increased values observed in maize after soybean. In addition, there was a significant interaction between season and cropping systems on the total digestible nutritional value, with maize after soybean being more nutritious in wetter seasons. Conclusion Results suggest that maize in cropping systems with soybean has potential to be more nutritious while the soybean in the cropping system can act as a protein-rich companion, providing a more balanced diet for human consumption, thereby fighting malnutrition.