Genetic characterization and pathogenic effects of Hepatozoon canis infection in police dogs in Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Background Hepatozoon canis is a protozoan parasite transmitted to dogs through ingesting the arthropod vector (hard ticks), which contains mature protozoal oocysts harboring infectious sporozoites. Aims This study aims to evaluate the blood parameters, biochemical assays and histopathological appraisal of infected police dogs with Hepatozoon canis, from kennels in the police academy of Egypt during 2020–2021. Methods Red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood platelets and white blood cells count from collected blood samples were analyzed, and serum albumin, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were analyzed from serum samples. Polymerase chain reaction amplified the 18S ribosomal RNAgene of the Hepatozoon species for genetic analysis, and the deoxyribonucleic acid products were sequenced and added to GenBank. Results The present study resulted in 5% of the police dog population being infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This study registered the sequences of the Hepatozoon canis 18S ribosomal RNAgene in Egypt for the first time in Genbank (MW362244.1–MW362245.1). The biochemical assay revealed that the parasite severely affected the protein, significantly increasing serum albumin in positive polymerase chain reaction testing dogs. Conclusion A thorough inspection discovered that 100 police dogs had clinical symptoms like fever, emaciation and anemia, while the other 200 were healthy and had no evident clinical indicators.