Insecticidal activity of Simparica and Simparica Trio against Aedes aegypti in dogs

Abstract

Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is one of the main species responsible for the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens worldwide. The isoxazoline Sarolaner has excellent efficacy as an acaricide against ticks and mites and as an insecticide against fleas, and potential efficacy against other insects. Methods In each of two laboratory studies, 24 dogs were randomly allocated (n = 8/group) to an untreated control group, a Simparica-treated group (at the minimum dose of 2.0 mg/kg sarolaner), or a Simparica Trio-treated group (at the minimum dose of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel), based on pre-treatment mosquito counts. Treatments were administered orally once on day 0. Each dog was exposed to 50 unfed female adult A. aegypti mosquitoes for 1 h on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. After each exposure, mosquitoes were counted for each dog and characterized as live, moribund or dead, and as fed or unfed. Dead mosquitoes were counted and removed at 12, 24 and 48 h post-exposure in study 1 and at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-exposure in study 2. In study 2, mosquito eggs were collected from 72 h post-exposure until 120 h post-exposure. Insecticidal efficacy was calculated based on the reduction of the arithmetic mean live fed-mosquito counts in each of the treated groups versus the untreated control group for every timepoint post-exposure. Results Adequate challenge was demonstrated in both studies, with arithmetic mean live fed-mosquito counts ranging from 35.5 to 45.0 for the untreated group. Mean mosquito counts for dogs treated with Simparica and Simparica Trio were significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced within 48 h after exposure on all study days. In study 1, Simparica treatment provided ≥ 96.8% reduction in the arithmetic mean live fed-mosquito counts for 28 days, and Simparica Trio treatment provided ≥ 90.3% reduction for 21 days. In study 2, Simparica treatment provided ≥ 99.4% reduction for 35 days (from 48 h onwards), and Simparica Trio treatment provided ≥ 97.8% reduction for 28 days (from 72 h onwards). Conclusions Both studies demonstrated that a single oral dose of Simparica or Simparica Trio provides high efficacy against mosquitoes in dogs within 24–72 h after exposure for an entire month. Graphical Abstract