Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and impaired cardiovascular fitness in non-diabetic young population

Abstract

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been linked to the onset, progression, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, the relationship between the TyG index and impaired cardiovascular fitness (CVF) remains unexplored in non-diabetic young population. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (1999–2004) to conduct a cross-sectional study of 3364 participants who completed an examination of CVF. Impaired CVF was defined as low and moderate CVF levels determined by estimated maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), based on sex- and age-specific criteria. The TyG index was calculated by $$Ln[TG(mg/dL)\times FPG(mg/dl)/2]$$ L n [ T G ( m g / d L ) × F P G ( m g / d l ) / 2 ] . Results The age (median with interquartile range) of the study population was 28 (19–37) years, and the TyG index (median ± standard deviation) was 8.36 ± 0.52. A significant association between the TyG index and impaired CVF was found in multivariable logistical regression analysis (per 1-unit increase in the TyG index: OR, 1.46; 95% Cl 1.13–1.90). A dose‒response relationship between the TyG index and impaired CVF was presented by restricted cubic splines (RCS). A significant interaction (p = 0.027) between sex and the TyG index for impaired CVF was found in the population aged < 20 years. Conclusions In non-diabetic young population, individuals with higher TyG index values are at an increased likelihood of encountering impaired CVF. Furthermore, sex may exert an impact on CVF, as males tend to be more susceptible to impaired CVF under comparable TyG index conditions.