Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the socioeconomic determinants of early childhood development (ECD) in Pakistan by utilizing the data of sixth wave of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in the four provinces of the country. The findings of the study reveal that mother’s education, father’s education, economic status of the household as measured by household’s wealth index quintile, region of residence (province), child’s gender, disability, nutrition and the practices used by the adult members of the household to discipline child are important determinants of ECD. The study highlights the crucial role of family background and importance of addressing the issue of malnutrition to foster child development.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference37 articles.
1. Akram S, Pervaiz Z. Mother’s education as a predictor of individual’s opportunities to learn and earn. Element Edu Online. 2020;19(4):879–84.
2. Akram S, Pervaiz Z, Jan SA. Do circumstances matter for earnings? An empirical evidence from household level survey In Punjab (Pakistan). J Contemp Issues Bus Gov. 2021;27(1):298–310.
3. Al-Sabbah S, Darwish A, Fares N, Barnes J, Almomani JA. Biopsychosocial factors linked with overall well-being of students and educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogent Psychol. 2021;8(1):1875550. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2021.1875550.
4. Almeida NL, Silva JBS, Oliveira MEC, Fernandes TP, Santos NA. Eye movement impairments in children with malnutrition. Int J Psychol. 2022;57(5):644–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12838.
5. Ansuya, Nayak BS, Unnikrishnan B, Shashidhara YN, Mundkur SC. Effect of nutrition intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children: randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10636. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36841-7