LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics reveals lipid signatures of nonpuerperal mastitis

Abstract

Abstract Background Nonpuerperal mastitis (NPM) is a disease that presents with redness, swelling, heat, and pain during nonlactation and can often be confused with breast cancer. The etiology of NPM remains elusive; however, emerging clinical evidence suggests a potential involvement of lipid metabolism. Method Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based untargeted lipidomics analysis combined with multivariate statistics was performed to investigate the NPM lipid change in breast tissue. Twenty patients with NPM and 10 controls were enrolled in this study. Results The results revealed significant differences in lipidomics profiles, and a total of 16 subclasses with 14,012 different lipids were identified in positive and negative ion modes. Among these lipids, triglycerides (TGs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and cardiolipins (CLs) were the top three lipid components between the NPM and control groups. Subsequently, a total of 35 lipids were subjected to screening as potential biomarkers, and the chosen lipid biomarkers exhibited enhanced discriminatory capability between the two groups. Furthermore, pathway analysis elucidated that the aforementioned alterations in lipids were primarily associated with the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. The correlation between distinct lipid populations and clinical phenotypes was assessed through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Conclusions This study demonstrates that untargeted lipidomics assays conducted on breast tissue samples from patients with NPM exhibit noteworthy alterations in lipidomes. The findings of this study highlight the substantial involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism in lipid metabolism within the context of NPM. Consequently, this study offers valuable insights that can contribute to a more comprehensive comprehension of NPM in subsequent investigations. Trial registration Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Number: 2019-702-57; Date: July 2019).