In-hospital predictors of post-stroke depression for targeted initiation of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Abstract

Abstract Background Although SSRIs are no longer widely prescribed for post-stroke motor recovery, fluoxetine demonstrated beneficial effects on post-stroke depression (PSD). Given the potential side effects of SSRIs, targeted initiation among individuals at highest risk for PSD warrants consideration. While previous studies have identified stroke severity and psychiatric history as factors associated with PSD, its predictability remains unknown. In this study, we investigate inpatient predictive factors to better identify individuals who might derive the most benefit from targeted initiation of SSRIs. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively-collected registry of adult patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke to a tertiary referral urban academic comprehensive stroke center between 2016–2020. Patients were seen 4–6 weeks post-discharge and administered the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) to screen for PSD (PHQ-9 ≥ 5). Demographics, history of depression, stroke severity, and inpatient PHQ-9 scores were abstracted. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with PSD and an ROC analysis determined the predictability of PSD in the inpatient setting. Results Three hundred seven individuals were administered the PHQ-9 at follow-up (mean age 65.5 years, 52% female). History of depression (OR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.65–10.26) and inpatient PHQ-9 score (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) were significantly associated with PSD. Stroke severity, marital status, living alone, employment, and outpatient therapy were not associated with PSD. The ROC curve using a positive inpatient PHQ-9 achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60–0.70), while the AUC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66–0.77) after adding history of depression. Conclusions History of depression and a positive inpatient PHQ-9 appear to be most strongly predictive of long-term PSD. Initiating SSRIs only in those individuals at highest risk for PSD may help reduce the burden of stroke recovery in this targeted population while minimizing adverse side effects.