1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
2. Intensive Care Unit of University Hospital, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
3. Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
4. Operating Division, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.