Effects of obesity on arrhythmic events and survival in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Abstract

Background    Studies have shown that increased body weight and obesity may be associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on the risk of arrhythmic events, hospitalization, and death in patients who received implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy for primary or secondary prevention.Material and Methods    A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted. Patients with body mass index (BMI) <30 kg / m2 were classified as non-obese, and patients with BMI ≥30 kg / m2 were classified as obese. The primary endpoints were arrhythmic events and device interventions. The secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, cardiac rehospitalization, and a composite endpoint of mortality and hospitalization.Results    Among a total of 340 patients, 78.2 % were male, and 22.1 % were obese. The mean age was 60.9 yrs. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was more frequent in non-obese patients (HR 0.57, [CI] 0.38–0.87, p=0.009). All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality in all patients tended to be more frequent in non-obese (HR 2.71, [CI] 0.93–7.93, p= 0.069 for all-cause mortality; HR 3.29, [CI] 0.97–11.17, p=0.056 for cardiac mortality). In the subgroup analysis, VT, all-cause mortality, and cardiac mortality were more common for non-obese patients in primary prevention and ischemic heart failure (HF) groups.Conclusion    While VT was more frequent in non-obese patients, VF, ICD appropriate shock, inappropriate shock, and antitachycardia pacing were similar in obese and non-obese patients. All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality were more frequent in non-obese patients.