1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
3. Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
4. Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an China
5. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education Institute for Advanced Ocean Study Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (DOMES) Ocean University of China Qingdao China
6. International Laboratory for High‐Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP) Qingdao China
7. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China