Association Between Depression Levels and Body Weight and Dietary Habits in a Sample of the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and Objective: Depression is a pervasive mental health concern that can negatively affect individuals' physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to explore the link between depression levels and body weight, and to evaluate the impact of an individual's nutritional status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique employed (n =710 people from the Saudi population). The data were collected via an online survey in November 2022. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, dietary habits, weight data, and some food items associated with stressful eating. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were applied to assess depression levels among participants (n = 710). Results: Data indicated that depression is widespread among the Saudi population, with varying degrees of severity. Moderate levels of depression represent 28.59% of Saudi society, while the Saudi population that suffered from severe depression levels reached 14.23% of our total sample population. Depression was positively and significantly correlated with eating behaviors and body mass index. Depression significantly increased with age. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant correlation between depression, eating behavior, body mass index, and diet. The evidence supported a connection between higher body weight and depression. This suggests the need for interventions to reduce depression and obesity rates and promote a healthier society.