Selected and shared hematological responses to apnea in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)

Author:

Brown Courtney V.1ORCID,McKnight J. Chris2,Bain Anthony R.3ORCID,Tremblay Joshua C.4ORCID,Patrician Alexander1ORCID,McDonald Birgitte I.5,Williams Cassondra L.6,Hindle Allyson G.7ORCID,Pallin Logan J.8,Costa Daniel P.8ORCID,Dujic Zeljko9,Macleod David B.10ORCID,Williams Terrie M.8,Ponganis Paul J.11ORCID,Ainslie Philip N.1

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada

2. Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom

3. Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

4. Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom

5. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, Moss Landing, California, United States

6. National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States

7. School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

8. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States

9. Department of Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

10. Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States

11. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States

Abstract

This study uses similar methods and protocols in elite human free divers and northern elephant seals. Using highly conditioned divers (elite free-diving humans) and highly adapted divers (northern elephant seals), we explored which hematological traits are fundamentally mammalian and which may have been selected for. We found differences in P50, which may be due to different physiological environments between species, while elevated pH buffering and carbon monoxide levels might have been selected for in seals.

Funder

NSERC Discovery

University Research Chair

ONR

ONR DURIP

Publisher

American Physiological Society

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