Gain and phase of perceived virtual rotation evoked by electrical vestibular stimuli

Author:

Peters Ryan M.1,Rasman Brandon G.1,Inglis J. Timothy123,Blouin Jean-Sébastien124

Affiliation:

1. School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

2. Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

3. International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and

4. Institute for Computing, Information, and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) evokes a perception of rotation; however, very few quantitative data exist on the matter. We performed psychophysical experiments on virtual rotations experienced when binaural bipolar electrical stimulation is applied over the mastoids. We also performed analogous real whole body yaw rotation experiments, allowing us to compare the frequency response of vestibular perception with (real) and without (virtual) natural mechanical stimulation of the semicircular canals. To estimate the gain of vestibular perception, we measured direction discrimination thresholds for virtual and real rotations. Real direction discrimination thresholds decreased at higher frequencies, confirming multiple previous studies. Conversely, virtual direction discrimination thresholds increased at higher frequencies, implying low-pass filtering of the virtual perception process occurring potentially anywhere between afferent transduction and cortical responses. To estimate the phase of vestibular perception, participants manually tracked their perceived position during sinusoidal virtual and real kinetic stimulation. For real rotations, perceived velocity was approximately in phase with actual velocity across all frequencies. Perceived virtual velocity was in phase with the GVS waveform at low frequencies (0.05 and 0.1 Hz). As frequency was increased to 1 Hz, the phase of perceived velocity advanced relative to the GVS waveform. Therefore, at low frequencies GVS is interpreted as an angular velocity signal and at higher frequencies GVS becomes interpreted increasingly as an angular position signal. These estimated gain and phase spectra for vestibular perception are a first step toward generating well-controlled virtual vestibular percepts, an endeavor that may reveal the usefulness of GVS in the areas of clinical assessment, neuroprosthetics, and virtual reality.

Funder

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada)

Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR)

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology,General Neuroscience

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