Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the lungs of postnatal lambs

Author:

Sozo Foula1,Vela Melissa1,Stokes Victoria1,Kenna Kelly2,Meikle Peter J.3,De Matteo Robert1,Walker David2,Brien James4,Bocking Alan5,Harding Richard1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University,

2. The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research,

3. Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;

4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, and

5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Prenatal ethanol exposure increases collagen deposition and alters surfactant protein (SP) expression and immune status in lungs of near-term fetal sheep. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether these prenatal effects of repeated gestational ethanol exposure persist after birth and 2) whether surfactant phospholipid composition is altered following prenatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant ewes were chronically catheterized at 90 days of gestational age (DGA) and given a 1-h daily infusion of ethanol (0.75 g/kg, n = 9) or saline ( n = 7) from 95 to 135 DGA; ethanol administration ceased after 135 DGA. Lambs were born naturally at full term (146 ± 0.5 DGA). Lung tissue was examined at 9 wk postnatal age for alterations in structure, SP expression, and inflammation; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was examined for alterations in surfactant phospholipid composition. At 134 DGA, surfactant phospholipid concentration in amniotic fluid was significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) by ethanol exposure, and the composition was altered. In postnatal lambs, there were no significant differences between treatment groups in birth weight, postnatal growth, blood gas parameters, and lung weight, volume, tissue fraction, mean linear intercept, collagen content, proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid surfactant phospholipid composition. Although SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA levels were not significantly different between treatment groups, SP-D mRNA levels were significantly greater ( P < 0.05) in ethanol-treated animals; as SP-D has immunomodulatory roles, innate immunity may be altered. The adverse effects of daily ethanol exposure during late gestation on the fetal lung do not persist to 2 mo after birth, indicating that the developing lung is capable of repair.

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Cell Biology,Physiology (medical),Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine,Physiology

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