Insulin stimulates uric acid reabsorption via regulating urate transporter 1 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2

Author:

Toyoki Daigo1,Shibata Shigeru1,Kuribayashi-Okuma Emiko1,Xu Ning1,Ishizawa Kenichi1,Hosoyamada Makoto2,Uchida Shunya1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and

2. Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

Accumulating data indicate that renal uric acid (UA) handling is altered in diabetes and by hypoglycemic agents. In addition, hyperinsulinemia is associated with hyperuricemia and hypouricosuria. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how diabetes and hypoglycemic agents alter the levels of renal urate transporters. In insulin-depleted diabetic rats with streptozotocin treatment, both UA excretion and fractional excretion of UA were increased, suggesting that tubular handling of UA is altered in this model. In the membrane fraction of the kidney, the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) was significantly decreased, whereas that of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) was increased, consistent with the increased renal UA clearance. Administration of insulin to the diabetic rats decreased UA excretion and alleviated UA transporter-level changes, while sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) ipragliflozin did not change renal UA handling in this model. To confirm the contribution of insulin in the regulation of urate transporters, normal rats received insulin and separately, ipragliflozin. Insulin significantly increased URAT1 and decreased ABCG2 levels, resulting in increased UA reabsorption. In contrast, the SGLT2i did not alter URAT1 or ABCG2 levels, although blood glucose levels were similarly reduced. Furthermore, we found that insulin significantly increased endogenous URAT1 levels in the membrane fraction of NRK-52E cells, the kidney epithelial cell line, demonstrating the direct effects of insulin on renal UA transport mechanisms. These results suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism for the anti-uricosuric effects of insulin and provide novel insights into the renal UA handling in the diabetic state.

Funder

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science kakenhi

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan)

Gout Research Foundation, Japan

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology

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