1. Department of 1Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland;
2. Department of 2Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland;
3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; and
4. Department of 3Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland;
5. Biology Program, Division of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
6. Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
7. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;