Occurrence of herpesvirus in fish
Author:
Bergmann Sven Michael12, Wang Yingying3, Li Yingying3, Wang Qing3, Klafack Sandro1, Jin Yeonhwa1, Hofmann Arndt Christian1, Kielpinska Jolanta4ORCID, Becker Anna Maria5, Zeng Weiwei36
Affiliation:
1. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Greifswald , Germany 2. OIE Reference Laboratory for KHVD, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology , Riems , Germany 3. Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou , China 4. Division of Fisheries Management and Water Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland 5. Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität , Erlangen , Germany 6. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University , Foshan , China
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Herpesviruses are common agents in animals of the aquatic environment. They infect many species of fish but only lead to disease in one or two species. Nevertheless, infected fish without clinical symptoms can actively transfer infectious agents to disease-susceptible species. The aim of the study was to identify and prove the natural presence of different herpesviruses.
Material and Methods
Koi, Nile tilapia, grass carp, goldfish and crucian carp were infected with a herpesvirus isolate 99% identical to goldfish herpesvirus (GHV) or cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) obtained from crucian carp. Before and after infection, samples were collected non-lethally at different time points from all five fish species to identify and evaluate the replication of viruses naturally infecting the fish as well as the CyHV-2 experimentally infecting them. Gill swabs and separated leukocytes were subjected to PCR and the results compared.
Results
These samples yielded DNA of koi herpesvirus (KHV, also referred to as CyHV-3), GHV and a new herpesvirus. While Asian-lineage CyHV-3 DNA was detected in samples from crucian carp and goldfish, CyHV-2 DNA was found in samples from koi and tilapia. A new, hitherto unknown herpesvirus was identified in samples from grass carp, and was confirmed by nested PCR and sequence analysis. The survival rates were 5% for grass carp, 30% for tilapia, 55% for crucian carp, 70% for koi and 100% for goldfish at 20 days post infection. Evolutionary analyses were conducted and five clusters were visible: CyHV-1 (carp pox virus), CyHV-2 with sequences from koi and tilapia, CyHV-3 with sequences from crucian carp and goldfish, probable CyHV-4 from sichel and a newly discovered herpesvirus – CyHV-5 – from grass carp.
Conclusion
The results obtained with the molecular tools as well as from the animal experiment demonstrated the pluripotency of aquatic herpesviruses to infect different fish species with and without visible clinical signs or mortality.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
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