Patient with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection in Aids Stage Who Developed Oesophageal Candidiasis and Miliary Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Abstract

Abstract This clinical case is about a 50-year old woman, a refugee from Ukraine, without known epidemiological risk factors, with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. Qesophageal candidiasis as an indicator disease of HIV in this case was the first diagnosis that promoted further investigation, revealing both primary HIV infection and sequentially other opportunistic infections — cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and miliary tuberculosis. Oesophageal candidiasis was visualised by the oesophagogastroduodenoscopy method, which was initially performed due to detected anaemia to rule out bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. Deep immunosuppression was provided to this patient and this led to the development of miliary tuberculosis, worsening the prognosis. The patient was prescribed treatment for several opportunistic infections, also anti tuberculosis treatment, as well as combined antiretroviral treatment, which stabilised the situation. In this case our patient developed odynophagia and dysphagia, common complications of oesophageal candidiasis, so she had to receive nutrition through a nasogastric tube.