Sialendoscopy and CT navigation assistance in the surgery of sialolithiasis

Abstract

Abstract Background A sialendoscopy-assisted combined approach is well established in the surgery of sialolithiasis. In cases of proximal salivary stones, transcutaneous sialendoscopy-assisted extractions with parotid and submandibular gland preservation is the primary intention of treatment. We recently added computer tomography (CT) navigation to improve the results of this challenging surgery equally in both localizations. Patients and methods Al l the patients who submitted to sialendoscopy and sialendoscopy-assisted procedures at the tertiary institution between January 2012 and October 2020 were included in the present study. From November 2019, CT navigation was added in cases with sialolithiasis and a presumably poor sialendoscopic visibility. We evaluated the parameters of the disease, diagnostic procedures, sialendoscopic findings and outcomes, with or without optical surgical navigation. Results We performed 178 successful salivary stone removals in 372 patients, of which 118 were combined sialendos-copy-assisted approaches, including 16 transcutaneous proximal, 10 submandibular and 6 parotid stone operations. Surgical navigation was used in six patients, four times for submandibular and twice for parotid sialolithiasis. These were all non-palpable, sialendoscopically invisible or partially visible stones, and we managed to preserve five of the six salivary glands. Conclusions The addition of CT navigation to sialendoscopy-assisted procedures for non-palpable, sialendoscopically invisible and fixed stones is a significant advantage in managing sialolithiasis. By consistently performing sialendoscopy and related preservation procedures, we significantly reduced the need for sialoadenectomies in patients with obstructive salivary gland disease.