Global Practice Patterns in the Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey and Expert Recommendations-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Global Practice Patterns in the Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey and Expert Recommendations

Published:2024 Issue: Volume:42 Page:
ISSN:2287-4208
Container-title:The World Journal of Men's Health
language:en
Short-container-title:World J Mens Health

Author:

Shah Rupin¹²^ORCID,Rambhatla Amarnath²³^ORCID,Atmoko Widi²⁴^ORCID,Martinez Marlon²⁵^ORCID,Ziouziou Imad²⁶^ORCID,Kothari Priyank²⁷^ORCID,Tadros Nicholas²⁸^ORCID,Phuoc Nguyen Ho Vinh²⁹^ORCID,Kavoussi Parviz²¹⁰^ORCID,Harraz Ahmed²¹¹¹²¹³^ORCID,Salvio Gianmaria²¹⁴^ORCID,Gul Murat²¹⁵^ORCID,Hamoda Taha²¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Toprak Tuncay²¹⁸^ORCID,Birowo Ponco²⁴^ORCID,Ko Edmund²¹⁹^ORCID,Arafa Mohamed²²⁰²¹²²^ORCID,Ghayda Ramy Abou²²³^ORCID,Karthikeyan Vilvapathy Senguttuvan²²⁴^ORCID,Saleh Ramadan²²⁵^ORCID,Russo Giorgio Ivan²²⁶^ORCID,Pinggera Germar-Michael²²⁷^ORCID,Chung Eric²²⁸^ORCID,Savira Missy²⁶^ORCID,Colpi Giovanni M.²²⁹^ORCID,Zohdy Wael²³⁰^ORCID,Pescatori Edoardo²³¹^ORCID,Park Hyun Jun²³²³³^ORCID,Fukuhara Shinichiro²³⁴^ORCID,Tsujimura Akira²³⁵^ORCID,Rojas-Cruz Cesar²³⁶^ORCID,Marino Angelo²³⁷^ORCID,Mak Siu King²³⁸^ORCID,Amar Edouard²³⁹^ORCID,Ibrahim Wael²⁴⁰^ORCID,Sindhwani Puneet²⁴¹^ORCID,Alhathal Naif²⁴²^ORCID,Busetto Gian Maria²⁴³^ORCID,Hashimi Manaf Al²⁴⁴⁴⁵^ORCID,El-Sakka Ahmed²⁴⁶^ORCID,Ramazan Asci²⁴⁷^ORCID,Dimitriadis Fotios²⁴⁸^ORCID,Timpano Massimiliano²⁴⁹^ORCID,Jezek Davor²⁵⁰^ORCID,Altay Baris²⁵¹^ORCID,Zylbersztejn Daniel Suslik²⁵²^ORCID,Wong Michael YC²⁵³^ORCID,Moon Du Geon²⁵⁴^ORCID,Wyns Christine²⁵⁵^ORCID,Gamidov Safar²⁵⁶^ORCID,Akhavizadegan Hamed²⁵⁷^ORCID,Franceschelli Alessandro²⁵⁸^ORCID,Aydos Kaan²⁵⁹^ORCID,Quang Vinh Nguyen²⁶⁰⁶¹^ORCID,Ashour Shedeed²³⁰^ORCID,Dayel Adel Al²⁶²^ORCID,Al-Marhoon Mohamed S.²⁶³^ORCID,Micic Sava²⁶⁴^ORCID,Binsaleh Saleh²⁶⁵^ORCID,Hussein Alayman²¹⁷^ORCID,Elbardisi Haitham²²¹²²^ORCID,Mostafa Taymour²³⁰^ORCID,Taha Emad²¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Ramsay Jonathan²⁶⁶^ORCID,Zachariou Athanasios²⁶⁷^ORCID,Abdelrahman Islam Fathy Soliman²³⁰⁶⁸^ORCID,Rajmil Osvaldo²⁶⁹^ORCID,Kalkanli Arif²⁷⁰^ORCID,Molina Juan Manuel Corral²⁷¹^ORCID,Bocu Kadir²⁷²^ORCID,Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma²⁷³^ORCID,Ceker Gokhan²⁷⁴^ORCID,Serefoglu Ege Can²⁷⁵^ORCID,Bahar Fahmi²⁷⁶^ORCID,Gherabi Nazim²⁷⁷^ORCID,Kuroda Shinnosuke²⁷⁸^ORCID,Bouzouita Abderrazak²⁷⁹^ORCID,Gudeloglu Ahmet²⁸⁰^ORCID,Ceyhan Erman²⁸¹^ORCID,Hasan Mohamed Saeed Mohamed²⁸²^ORCID,Musa Muhammad Ujudud²⁸³^ORCID,Motawi Ahmad²³⁰^ORCID,Chak-Lam Cho²⁸⁴^ORCID,Taniguchi Hisanori²⁸⁵^ORCID,Ho Christopher Chee Kong²⁸⁶^ORCID,Vazquez Jesus Fernando Solorzano²⁸⁷^ORCID,Mutambirwa Shingai²⁸⁸^ORCID,Gungor Nur Dokuzeylul²⁸⁹^ORCID,Bendayan Marion²⁹⁰⁹¹^ORCID,Giulioni Carlo²⁹²^ORCID,Baser Aykut²⁹³^ORCID,Falcone Marco²⁴⁹^ORCID,Boeri Luca²⁹⁴^ORCID,Blecher Gideon²⁹⁵⁹⁶^ORCID,Kheradmand Alireza²⁹⁷^ORCID,Sethupathy Tamilselvi²⁹⁸^ORCID,Adriansjah Ricky²⁹⁹^ORCID,Narimani Nima²⁵⁷^ORCID,Konstantinidis Charalampos²¹⁰⁰^ORCID,Nguyen Tuan Thanh²¹⁰¹¹⁰²¹⁰³^ORCID,Japari Andrian²¹⁰⁴^ORCID,Dolati Parisa²¹⁰⁵^ORCID,Singh Keerti²¹⁰⁶¹⁰⁷^ORCID,Ozer Cevahir²⁸¹^ORCID,Sarikaya Selcuk²¹⁰⁸^ORCID,Sheibak Nadia²¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰^ORCID,Bosco Ndagijimana Jean²¹¹¹^ORCID,Özkent Mehmet Serkan²¹¹²^ORCID,Le Sang Thanh²⁹¹⁰⁴^ORCID,Sokolakis Ioannis²¹¹³^ORCID,Katz Darren²¹¹⁴¹¹⁵¹¹⁶^ORCID,Smith Ryan²¹¹⁷^ORCID,Truong Manh Nguyen²¹⁰³^ORCID,Le Tan V.²¹⁰²¹¹⁸^ORCID,Huang Zhongwei²¹¹⁹^ORCID,Deger Muslim Dogan²¹²⁰^ORCID,Arslan Umut²¹⁸^ORCID,Calik Gokhan²¹²¹^ORCID,Franco Giorgio²¹²²^ORCID,Rashed Ayman²¹²³^ORCID,Kahraman Oguzhan²⁵⁹^ORCID,Andreadakis Sotiris²¹²⁴^ORCID,Putra Rosadi²¹²⁵^ORCID,Balercia Giancarlo²¹⁴^ORCID,Khalafalla Kareim²²¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Cannarella Rossella²²⁰¹²⁷^ORCID,Tuấn Anh Đặng²¹²⁸^ORCID,Meliegy Amr El²³⁰^ORCID,Zilaitiene Birute²¹²⁹^ORCID,Ramirez Marlene Lizbeth Zamora²¹³⁰^ORCID,Giacone Filippo²¹³¹^ORCID,Calogero Aldo E.²²⁶^ORCID,Makarounis Konstantinos²¹³²^ORCID,Jindal Sunil²¹³³^ORCID,Hoai Bac Nguyen²¹³⁴^ORCID,Banthia Ravi²¹³⁵^ORCID,Peña Marcelo Rodriguez²¹³⁶^ORCID,Moorthy Dharani²¹³⁷^ORCID,Adamyan Aram²¹³⁸^ORCID,Kulaksiz Deniz²¹³⁹^ORCID,Kandil Hussein²¹⁴⁰^ORCID,Sofikitis Nikolaos²⁶⁷^ORCID,Salzano Ciro²¹⁴¹^ORCID,Jungwirth Andreas²¹⁴²^ORCID,Banka Surendra Reddy²¹⁴³^ORCID,Mierzwa Tiago Cesar²¹⁴⁴^ORCID,Turunç Tahsin²¹⁴⁵^ORCID,Jain Divyanu²¹⁴⁶^ORCID,Avoyan Armen²¹³⁸^ORCID,Salacone Pietro²¹⁴⁷^ORCID,Kadıoğlu Ateş²¹⁴⁸^ORCID,Gupta Chirag²¹⁴⁹^ORCID,Lin Haocheng²¹⁵⁰^ORCID,Shamohammadi Iman²¹⁵¹^ORCID,Mogharabian Nasser²¹⁵²^ORCID,Barrett Trenton²¹⁵³^ORCID,Danacıoğlu Yavuz Onur²¹⁵⁴^ORCID,Crafa Andrea²²⁶^ORCID,Daoud Salima²¹⁵⁵^ORCID,Malhotra Vineet²¹⁵⁶^ORCID,Almardawi Abdulmalik²¹⁵⁷^ORCID,Selim Osama Mohamed²³⁰^ORCID,Moussa Mohamad²¹⁵⁸¹⁵⁹^ORCID,Haghdani Saeid²¹⁶⁰^ORCID,Duran Mesut Berkan²¹⁶¹^ORCID,Kunz Yannic²²⁷^ORCID,Preto Mirko²⁴⁹^ORCID,Eugeni Elena²¹⁶²¹⁶³^ORCID,Nguyen Thang²¹³⁴^ORCID,Elshahid Ahmed Rashad²⁸²^ORCID,Suyono Seso Sulijaya²¹⁶⁴^ORCID,Parikesit Dyandra²¹⁶⁵^ORCID,Nada Essam²²⁵^ORCID,Orozco Eduardo Gutiérrez²¹⁶⁶^ORCID,Boitrelle Florence²⁹⁰⁹¹^ORCID,Trang Nguyen Thi Minh²¹⁰²^ORCID,Jamali Mounir²¹⁶⁷^ORCID,Nair Raju²¹⁶⁸^ORCID,Ruzaev Mikhail²¹⁶⁹^ORCID,Gadda Franco²⁹⁴^ORCID,Thomas Charalampos²¹⁰⁰^ORCID,Ferreira Raphael Henrique²¹⁷⁰^ORCID,Gul Umit²¹⁷¹^ORCID,Maruccia Serena²¹⁷²^ORCID,Kanbur Ajay²¹⁷³¹⁷⁴^ORCID,Kinzikeeva Ella²¹⁷⁵^ORCID,Abumelha Saad²¹⁶^ORCID,Quang Nguyen²⁶⁰⁶¹^ORCID,Kosgi Raghavender²¹⁷⁶^ORCID,Gokalp Fatih²¹⁷⁷^ORCID,Soebadi Mohammad Ayodhia²¹⁷⁸^ORCID,Paul Gustavo Marquesine²¹⁷⁹^ORCID,Sajadi Hesamoddin²¹⁸⁰^ORCID,Gupte Deepak²¹⁸¹^ORCID,Ambar Rafael F.²⁵²¹⁴⁴^ORCID,Sogutdelen Emrullah²¹⁸²^ORCID,Singla Karun²¹⁸³^ORCID,Basurkano Ari²¹⁸⁴^ORCID,Kim Shannon Hee Kyung²¹⁸⁵¹⁸⁶^ORCID,Gilani Mohammad Ali Sadighi²¹⁸⁰^ORCID,Nagao Koichi²¹⁸⁷^ORCID,Brodjonegoro Sakti Ronggowardhana²¹⁸⁸^ORCID,Rezano Andri²¹⁸⁹¹⁹⁰^ORCID,Elkhouly Mohamed²¹⁹¹^ORCID,Mazzilli Rossella²¹⁹²^ORCID,Farsi Hasan M. A.²¹⁶^ORCID,Ba Hung Nguyen²¹⁹³^ORCID,Alali Hamed²¹⁹⁴^ORCID,Kafetzis Dimitrios²¹⁹⁵^ORCID,Long Tran Quang Tien²¹⁹⁶^ORCID,Alsaid Sami²²¹^ORCID,Cuong Hoang Bao Ngoc²¹⁹⁷^ORCID,Oleksandr Knigavko²¹⁹⁸^ORCID,Mustafa Akhmad²⁹⁹^ORCID,Acosta Herik²¹⁹⁹^ORCID,Pai Hrishikesh²²⁰⁰^ORCID,Şahin Bahadır²²⁰¹^ORCID,Arianto Eko²²⁰²^ORCID,Teo Colin²²⁰³^ORCID,Jayaprakash Sanjay Prakash²²⁴^ORCID,Rachman Rinaldo Indra²⁴^ORCID,Yenice Mustafa Gurkan²¹⁵⁴^ORCID,Sefrioui Omar²²⁰⁴^ORCID,Paghdar Smit²²⁰⁵^ORCID,Priyadarshi Shivam²²⁰⁶^ORCID,Tanic Marko²²⁰⁷^ORCID,Alfatlawy Noor Kareem²²⁰⁸^ORCID,Rizaldi Fikri²¹⁷⁸^ORCID,Vishwakarma Ranjit B.¹²^ORCID,Kanakis George²²⁰⁹^ORCID,Cherian Dinesh Thomas²²¹⁰^ORCID,Lee Joe²²¹¹^ORCID,Galstyan Raisa²²¹²^ORCID,Keskin Hakan²⁸⁰^ORCID,Wurzacher Jana²²⁷^ORCID,Seno Doddy Hami²²¹³^ORCID,Noegroho Bambang S.²⁹⁹^ORCID,Margiana Ria²²¹⁴²¹⁵²¹⁶^ORCID,Javed Qaisar²²¹⁷^ORCID,Castiglioni Fabrizio²²¹⁸^ORCID,Tanwar Raman²²¹⁹^ORCID,Puigvert Ana²²²⁰^ORCID,Kaya Coşkun²²²¹^ORCID,Purnomo Medianto²²²²^ORCID,Yazbeck Chadi²²²³^ORCID,Amir Azwar²²²⁴^ORCID,Borges Edson²²²⁵^ORCID,Bellavia Marina²²⁹^ORCID,Deswanto Isaac Ardianson²⁶^ORCID,V Vinod K²²²⁶^ORCID,Liguori Giovanni²²²⁷^ORCID,Minh Dang Hoang²⁶¹^ORCID,Siddiqi Kashif²²²⁸^ORCID,Colombo Fulvio²³¹^ORCID,Zini Armand²²²⁹^ORCID,Patel Niket²²³⁰^ORCID,Çayan Selahittin²²³¹^ORCID,Al-Kawaz Ula²²³²^ORCID,Ragab Maged²²³³^ORCID,Konstantinidis Charalampos²²³⁴^ORCID,Hebrard Guadalupe Hernández²²³⁵^ORCID,Hoffmann Ivan²²³⁶²³⁷^ORCID,Efesoy Ozan²²³⁸^ORCID,Saylam Barış²²³⁸^ORCID,Agarwal Ashok²²⁰^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

2. Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA.

3. Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.

4. Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

5. Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.

6. Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.

7. Department of Urology, B.Y.L Nair Ch Hospital, Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, India.

8. Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.

9. Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

10. Department of Reproductive Urology, Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX, USA.

11. Department of Urology, Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt.

12. Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait.

13. Department of Urology, Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

14. Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

15. Department of Urology, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.

16. Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

17. Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt.

18. Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.

19. Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

20. American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

21. Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

22. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.

23. Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

24. Andrology Unit, Department of Urology, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai, India.

25. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

26. Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

27. Department of Urology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

28. Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

29. Andrology and IVF Center, Next Fertility Procrea, Lugano, Switzerland.

30. Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

31. Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy.

32. Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

33. Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

34. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

35. Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

36. Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.

37. Reproductive Medicine Unit, ANDROS Day Surgery Clinic, Palermo, Italy.

38. Union Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.

39. Department of Urology, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.

40. Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Care Center in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.

41. Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

42. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

43. Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

44. Department of Urology, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

45. Department of Urology, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Science, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

46. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

47. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

48. 1st Urology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

49. Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

50. Department for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, Reproductive Tissue Bank, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.

51. Department of Urology, Ege University Medical School, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

52. Department of Urology, Fleury Group and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.

53. Department of Andrology, International Urology, Fertility and Gynecology Centre, Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore.

54. Department of Urology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

55. Department of Gynaecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

56. V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

57. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

58. Andrology Unit, University Hospital S. Orsola, Bologna, Italy.

59. Department of Urology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

60. Center for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

61. Department of Urology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam.

62. Men’s Health Clinic Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

63. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

64. Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia.

65. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

66. Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

67. Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.

68. Department of Andrology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.

69. Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.

70. Department of Urology, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

71. Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

72. Department of Urology, Niğde Omer Halis Demir University Faculty of Medicine, Nigde, Turkey.

73. Department of Urology, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.

74. Department of Urology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

75. Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

76. Andrology Section, Siloam Sriwijaya Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.

77. Department of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria.

78. Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

79. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Tunis Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

80. Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

81. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.

82. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

83. Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Center, Katsina State, Nigeria.

84. Department of Surgery, S. H. Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

85. Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.

86. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia.

87. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.

88. Department of Urology, Dr. George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Medunsa, South Africa.

89. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.

90. Department of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France.

91. Department of Biology, Reproduction, Epigenetics, Environment and Development, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

92. Department of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

93. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Balıkesir, Turkey.

94. Department of Urology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

95. Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

96. Department of Urology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

97. Department of Urology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

98. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CK Medical Centre Hospital, Erode, India.

99. Department of Urology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.

100. Urology Department, General Hospital of Corinth, Corinth, Greece.

101. Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

102. Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

103. Department of Urology, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

104. Deparment of IVF, Fertility Clinic, Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.

105. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.

106. Department of Preclinical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados.

107. Windsor Medical Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados.

108. Department of Urology, Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

109. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

110. Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

111. Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.

112. Department of Urology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.

113. Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.

114. Men’s Health Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

115. Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

116. Department of Urology, Western Health, Victoria, Australia.

117. Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

118. Department of Urology and Andrology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

119. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health Systems, Singapore.

120. Department of Urology, Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey.

121. Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.

122. Department of Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

123. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, 6th of October University, Giza, Egypt.

124. Private Practice, Thessaloniki, Greece.

125. Department of Urology, RSUD Ciawi Regional General Hospital, West Java, Indonesia.

126. Department of Urology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.

127. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

128. Tam Anh IVF Center, Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

129. Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

130. Reproductive Medicine Unit, Español Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.

131. HERA Center, Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Sant’Agata Li Battiati, Catania, Italy.

132. Department of Urology and Andrology, Locus Medicus, Athens, Greece.

133. Department of Andrology & Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital & Fertility Center, Meerut, India.

134. Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

135. Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

136. Instituto de Ginecología y Fertilidad (IFER), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

137. IVF Department, Swarupa fertility & IVF Centre, Vijayawada, India.

138. Department of Urology, Astghik Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia.

139. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey.

140. Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

141. PO San Giovanni Bosco, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Napoli, Italy.

142. St. Barabara Private Clinic, Bad Vigaun, Austria.

143. Department of Andrology, Androcare Institute of Andrology and Men’s Health, Hyderabad, India.

144. Department of Urology, Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.

145. Urology Clinic, Iskenderun Gelisim Hospital, Iskenderun, Turkey.

146. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India.

147. Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.

148. Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

149. Department of Urology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India.

150. Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.

151. Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

152. Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

153. Perth Urology Clinic, Perth, WA, Australia.

154. Department of Urology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.

155. Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

156. Department of Urology and Andrology, VNA Hospital, New Delhi, India.

157. Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

158. Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

159. Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, UMC, Beirut, Lebanon.

160. Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Isfahan Fertility and Isfahan, Yazd, Iran.

161. Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.

162. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

163. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Division of Medical Andrology and Endocrinology of Reproduction, University of Terni, Terni, Italy.

164. Gladiool IVF, Magelang, Indonesia.

165. Department of Urology, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.

166. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

167. Department of Urology, Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

168. Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mitera Hospital, Kottayam, India.

169. Urology Clinic, Moscow, Russia.

170. Department of Urology, Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

171. Private EPC Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

172. Department of Urology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy.

173. Department of Andrology, Kanbur Clinic, Thane, India.

174. Department of Urosurgery, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, India.

175. Zucchi Clinical Institutes, Monza, Italy.

176. Department of Urology and Andrology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

177. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mu Stafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey.

178. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

179. Department of Urology, Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.

180. Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

181. Department of Urology, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India.

182. Department of Urology, Clarity Health, Chandigarh, India.

183. Department of Urology, Dr. Dradjat Hospital, Serang, Indonesia.

184. IVF Australia, Sydney, Australia.

185. Macquarie School of Medicine, Macquaire University, Sydney, Australia.

186. Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.

187. Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

188. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prof. Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

189. Andrology Study Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

190. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.

191. IVF Department, Bourn Hall Fertility Center, Dubai, UAE.

192. Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

193. Andrology Unit, ART Center, Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

194. King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

195. Orchid IVF Clinic, Dubai, UAE.

196. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

197. Department of Surgery, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.

198. Department of Urology, Nephrology and Andrology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

199. Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.

200. IVF Department, Bloom IVF Group, Mombai, India.

201. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.

202. Department of Urology, Prof R.D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia.

203. Department of Urology, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore.

204. African Fertility Center, Casablanca, Morocco.

205. UVA Urology Clinic in Charlottesville, UVA Specialty Care Clinic in Culpeper, Culpeper, VA, USA.

206. Department of Urology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

207. Department of Urology, General Hospital, Cuprija, Serbia.

208. Fertility Center of Al-Najaf/Al-Sadr Medical City, Babylon Health Directorate, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq.

209. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Athens Naval & VA Hospital, Athens, Greece.

210. Urology Deparment, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India.

211. Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore.

212. Department of Urology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.

213. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Persahabatan General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

214. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

215. Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

216. Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

217. Department of Urology, Al-Ahlia Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

218. Andrology Unit, ART Center - San Carlo Clinic, Milan, Italy.

219. Urology Center, Jyoti Hospital, Gurugram, India.

220. Institute of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (IANDROMS), Barcelona, Spain.

221. Department of Urology, Health Science University Eskisehir City HPRH, Eskisehir, Turkey.

222. Department of Urology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.

223. Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Reprogynes Medical Institute, Paris, France.

224. Department of Urology, Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.

225. Fertility Assisted Fertilization Center, São Paulo, Brazil.

226. Department of Urology, Cure & SK Hospital, Trivandrum, India.

227. Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

228. Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

229. Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

230. Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Anand, Gujarat, India.

231. Department of Urology, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.

232. High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.

233. Department of Urology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

234. Urology and Neuro-Urology Unit, National Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece.

235. IVF Department, CITMER Reproductive Medicine, Puebla, Mexico.

236. Department of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinic Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.

237. Reproductive Center Dr. Hoffmann, Berlin, Germany.

238. Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mersin, Turkey.

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Link

https://wjmh.org/pdf/10.5534/wjmh.230333

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1. Evaluation of the Azoospermic Patient

2. Review of Azoospermia