Author:
Mezheritskiy M. I.,Dyakonova V. E.
Abstract
Abstract
This review is devoted to the analysis of works that investigated the long-term effects of species-specific forms of intensive locomotion on the cognitive functions of animals and humans, which can be transmitted to the next generation. To date, the anxiolytic and cognitive-enhancing long-term effects of intensive locomotion have been demonstrated in humans, rodents, fish, insects, mollusks, and nematodes. In rodents, changes in the central nervous system caused by intense locomotion can be transmitted through the maternal and paternal line to the descendants of the first generation. These include reduced anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, increased levels of brain neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The shift of the balance of histone acetylation in the hippocampus of rodents towards hyperacetylation, and the balance of DNA methylation towards demethylation manifests itself both as a direct and as a first-generation inherited effect of motor activity. The question about the mechanisms that link locomotion with an increase in the plasticity of a genome in the brain of descendants remains poorly understood, and invertebrate model organisms can be an ideal object for its study. Currently, there is a lack of a theoretical model explaining why motor activity leads to long-term improvement of some cognitive functions that can be transmitted to the next generation and why such an influence could have appeared in evolution. The answer to these questions is not only of fundamental interest, but it is necessary for predicting therapeutic and possible side effects of motor activity in humans. In this regard, the article pays special attention to the review of ideas on the evolutionary aspects of the problem. We propose our own hypothesis, according to which the activating effect of intensive locomotion on the function of the nervous system could have been formed in evolution as a preadaptation to a possible entry into a new environment.
Reference147 articles.
1. Abel, J.L.B. and Rissman, E.F., Running-induced epigenetic and gene expression changes in the adolescent brain, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 2013, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 382–390.
2. Akhavan, M.M. et al., Serotonergic and noradrenergic lesions suppress the enhancing effect of maternal exercise during pregnancy on learning and memory in rat pups, Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 151, no. 4, pp. 1173–1183.
3. Akhavan, M.M. et al., Maternal voluntary exercise during pregnancy enhances the spatial learning acquisition but not the retention of memory in rat pups via a TrkB-mediated mechanism: the role of hippocampal BDNF expression, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 2013, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 955.
4. Aksu, I. et al., Maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy decreases anxiety and increases prefrontal cortex VEGF and BDNF levels of rat pups in early and late periods of life, Neurosci. Lett., 2012, vol. 516, no. 2, pp. 221–225.
5. Alarcón, J.M. et al., Chromatin acetylation, memory, and LTP are impaired in CBP+/− mice: a model for the cognitive deficit in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and its amelioration, Neuron, 2004, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 947–959.
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献