Nanoobjects for the Luminescence Determination of Fluoroquinolones

Abstract

Abstract Fluoroquinolones are the most successful antibiotics, which also show antiviral and antitumor activity. The widespread use of fluoroquinolones in medicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, veterinary medicine and in animal, poultry, and fish feeds requires continuous improvement of methods for their determination in various samples. Sensitized fluorescence based on resonance electronic excitation energy transfer (RET) during the formation of chelates with terbium and europium ions is a promising and highly sensitive method for the determination of fluoroquinolones. This review analyzes the use of two types of nanoobjects—liquid micellar nanosystems and quantum dots based on the nanoparticles of silver, gold, and semiconductors and carbon, magnetic, and other nanomaterials—for increasing the efficiency of energy transfer and the sensitivity of the determination of fluoroquinolones in various samples. The terminology used in the inductive-resonance and exchange-resonance mechanisms of energy transfer is considered, and the fundamental difference in RET between liquid and solid types of nanoobjects is shown. Linear dynamic ranges of determined concentrations, limits of detection, and examples of practical application of sensitized fluorescence to the determination of fluoroquinolones in real samples with the use of nanoparticles and micellar nanosystems are tabulated.