Experience of surgical treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Abstract

The research has been based on surgical experience of multiple decades and on retrospect study of more that 4000 clinical cases, among them 3500 surgical invasion due to different types of traumas. Since it relies on the latter, it shows the evolution of our approaches towards severe cerebral cranial traumon includes different matters regarding diagnostics and surgical treatment with neuropathogenetic approach. We have shown the advantages of certain surgical procedures in cases of cerebral cranial trauma and also the way approaches were changing after introduction of high medical technology and taking into consideration bio mechanisms and pathological data.Computer diagnostics changed several surgical procedures and opportunities. In cases of traumas impacted in immobilized condition method of choice used to be plastic craniotomy, when in cases of cerebral congestion would cause decompression, placing bone fragment under the skin. 902 surgeries were performed among 1990. In 894 cases surgeries were performed using plastic trepanation, 217 among them was performed with improved modified method. In cases of negligible brain congestion, bone fragment were left in its place without suture fixation and after the congestion resolution fragment would return to its anatomical location. In several times it would be ligated in two – three points.This method was the most efficient in bifrontal low craniotomy. The need of removing bone fragment was observed in zero cases.In cases of acceleration traumas, which is characterized by diffuse damage, multifocal hemorrhages and bruises, in 157 cases double decompression method was used, in some case with falcostomy, effective in 49 cases. Trafination and resection trepanation were removed from practice.Trafination method was sometimes use in cases of chronic hematomas and acute hydromas. In Recurrent and chronic hydromas method was less effective, in such conditions plastic trepanation method was used in order to create extra space for fluid. In singular cases of collapsed brain and for resolving tunica arachnoidea broken surface, we used to infuse 25–35 ml oxygen or 20–25 ml distillate in spinal chord. This method was proved effective in 70 cases.Therefore, taking into consideration patho-mechanisms and pathology data, using differential pathogenetic methods of surgical invasion and computer monitoring of post-operative period we managed to decrease mortality in severecerebro- cranial traumas to 29–30 % comparing to pre computer periods 36–38 %.