1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaisei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
2. Upper Extremity Center of Joint Replacement and Endoscopic Surgery, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Hokkaido , Japan
3. Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopaedic Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
4. Department of Rehabilitation, Koga Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
5. Faculty of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan