Search for Periodic Time Variations of the Solar B8 Neutrino Flux between 1996 and 2018 in Super-Kamiokande

Author:

Abe K.11,Bronner C.1,Hayato Y.11,Hiraide K.11,Hosokawa K.1,Ieki K.11,Ikeda M.11,Kameda J.11,Kanemura Y.1,Kaneshima R.1,Kashiwagi Y.1,Kataoka Y.11,Miki S.1,Mine S.12,Miura M.11,Moriyama S.11,Nakano Y.1,Nakahata M.11,Nakayama S.11,Noguchi Y.1,Sato K.1,Sekiya H.11,Shiba H.1,Shimizu K.1,Shiozawa M.11,Sonoda Y.1,Suzuki Y.1,Takeda A.11,Takemoto Y.11,Tanaka H.11,Yano T.1,Han S.1,Kajita T.113,Okumura K.11,Tashiro T.1,Tomiya T.1,Wang X.1,Yoshida S.1,Fernandez P.4,Labarga L.4,Ospina N.4,Zaldivar B.4,Pointon B. W.56,Kearns E.71,Raaf J. L.7,Wan L.7,Wester T.7,Bian J.2,Griskevich N. J.2,Locke S.2,Smy M. B.21,Sobel H. W.21,Takhistov V.28,Yankelevich A.2,Hill J.9,Lee S. H.10,Moon D. H.10,Park R. G.10,Jang M. C.10,Bodur B.11,Scholberg K.111,Walter C. W.111,Beauchêne A.12,Drapier O.12,Giampaolo A.12,Mueller Th. A.12,Santos A. D.12,Paganini P.12,Quilain B.12,Nakamura T.13,Jang J. S.14,Machado L. N.15,Learned J. G.16,Choi K.17,Iovine N.17,Cao S.18,Anthony L. H. V.19,Martin D.19,Prouse N. W.19,Scott M.19,Sztuc A. A.19,Uchida Y.19,Berardi V.20,Catanesi M. G.20,Radicioni E.20,Calabria N. F.21,Langella A.21,De Rosa G.21,Collazuol G.22,Iacob F.22,Mattiazzi M.22,Ludovici L.23,Gonin M.3,Pronost G.3,Fujisawa C.24,Maekawa Y.24,Nishimura Y.24,Okazaki R.24,Akutsu R.8,Friend M.8,Hasegawa T.8,Ishida T.8,Kobayashi T.8,Jakkapu M.8,Matsubara T.8,Nakadaira T.8,Nakamura K.81,Oyama Y.8,Sakashita K.8,Sekiguchi T.8,Tsukamoto T.8,Bhuiyan N.25,Burton G. T.25,Di Lodovico F.25,Gao J.25,Goldsack A.25,Katori T.25,Migenda J.25,Xie Z.25,Ramsden R. M.25,Zsoldos S.251,Suzuki A. T.26,Takagi Y.26,Zhong H.26,Takeuchi Y.261,Feng J.27,Feng L.27,Hu J. R.27,Hu Z.27,Kikawa T.27,Mori M.27,Kawaue M.27,Nakaya T.271,Wendell R. A.271,Yasutome K.27,Jenkins S. J.28,McCauley N.28,Mehta P.28,Tarant A.28,Fukuda Y.29,Itow Y.3030,Menjo H.30,Ninomiya K.30,Yoshioka Y.30,Lagoda J.31,Lakshmi S. M.31,Mandal M.31,Mijakowski P.31,Prabhu Y. S.31,Zalipska J.31,Jia M.32,Jiang J.32,Jung C. K.32,Wilking M. J.32,Yanagisawa C.32,Shi W.32,Harada M.33,Hino Y.33,Ishino H.33,Koshio Y.331,Nakanishi F.33,Sakai S.33,Tada T.33,Tano T.33,Ishizuka T.34,Barr G.35,Barrow D.35,Cook L.351,Samani S.35,Wark D.3536,Holin A.37,Nova F.37,Yang B. S.38,Yang J. Y.38,Yoo J.38ORCID,Jung S.38,Fannon J. E. P.39,Kneale L.39,Malek M.39,McElwee J. M.39,Thiesse M. D.39,Thompson L. F.39,Wilson S. T.39,Okazawa H.40,Kim S. B.41,Kwon E.41,Seo J. W.41,Yu I.41,Ichikawa A. K.42,Nakamura K. D.42,Tairafune S.42,Nishijima K.43,Eguchi A.1,Nakagiri K.1,Nakajima Y.11,Shima S.1,Taniuchi N.1,Watanabe E.1,Yokoyama M.11,de Perio P.1,Fujita S.1,Martens K.1,Tsui K. M.1,Vagins M. R.12,Xia J.1,Izumiyama S.44,Kuze M.44,Matsumoto R.44,Ishitsuka M.45,Ito H.45,Ommura Y.45,Shigeta N.45,Shinoki M.45,Yamauchi K.45,Yoshida T.45,Gaur R.6,Gousy-Leblanc V.6,Hartz M.6,Konaka A.6,Li X.6,Chen S.46,Xu B. D.46,Zhang B.46,Posiadala-Zezula M.47,Boyd S. B.48,Edwards R.48,Hadley D.48,Nicholson M.48,O’Flaherty M.48,Richards B.48,Ali A.496,Jamieson B.49,Amanai S.50,Marti Ll.50,Minamino A.50,Suzuki S.50,

Affiliation:

1. University of Tokyo

2. University of California

3. CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory

4. University Autonoma Madrid

5. British Columbia Institute of Technology

6. TRIUMF

7. Boston University

8. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)

9. California State University

10. Chonnam National University

11. Duke University

12. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet

13. Gifu University

14. Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

15. University of Glasgow

16. University of Hawaii

17. Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

18. Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education

19. Imperial College London

20. INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari

21. INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli

22. INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova

23. INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”

24. Keio University

25. King’s College London

26. Kobe University

27. Kyoto University

28. University of Liverpool

29. Miyagi University of Education

30. Nagoya University

31. National Centre For Nuclear Research

32. State University of New York at Stony Brook

33. Okayama University

34. Osaka Electro-Communication University

35. Oxford University

36. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory

37. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

38. Seoul National University

39. University of Sheffield

40. Shizuoka University of Welfare

41. Sungkyunkwan University

42. Tohoku University

43. Tokai University

44. Tokyo Institute of Technology

45. Tokyo University of Science

46. Tsinghua University

47. University of Warsaw

48. University of Warwick

49. University of Winnipeg

50. Yokohama National University

Abstract

We report a search for time variations of the solar B8 neutrino flux using 5804 live days of Super-Kamiokande data collected between May 31, 1996, and May 30, 2018. Super-Kamiokande measured the precise time of each solar neutrino interaction over 22 calendar years to search for solar neutrino flux modulations with unprecedented precision. Periodic modulations are searched for in a dataset comprising five-day interval solar neutrino flux measurements with a maximum likelihood method. We also applied the Lomb-Scargle method to this dataset to compare it with previous reports. The only significant modulation found is due to the elliptic orbit of the Earth around the Sun. The observed modulation is consistent with astronomical data: we measured an eccentricity of (1.53±0.35)%, and a perihelion shift of (1.5±13.5) days. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Funder

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

National Research Foundation of Korea

Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning

Institute for Basic Science

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Narodowe Centrum Nauki

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions

Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki

Ministry of Education

Universities and Innovation

Grid for Particle Physics

Publisher

American Physical Society (APS)

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