Sapronoses: Ecology of Infection Agents, Epidemiology, Terminology and Classification

Abstract

Presents the results of a critical analysis of the existing classifications of pathogens sapronoses and they cause human diseases. In relation to sapronoses investigated the compliance of the content of epidemiological terminology to new scientific data. Applied ecological approach differentiation sapronoses on biotic reservoirs of microorganisms common to humans, animals and plants (prokaryotes). Shows the inconsistencies and contradictions of the traditional concepts and categories that characterize causal factors and conditions a variety of symbiotic relationships facultative parasites of man and animals with their owners. Regulatory influence of the environment provides mechanisms for the transmission of microorganisms in natural reservoirs, modes of transmission of human (warm-blooded animals) and the temporary survival of populations of potential pathogens sapronoses in adverse effects. Environmental factors through a state of the hosts encourage alternation of types of food microorganisms - from saprophytism to pathogenic parasitism and development phase of the epizootic (epiphytotics) process. The incidence of people (animals, plants) sapronoses infections correlated with the feeding habits of organisms in the tanks, the number and status of populations of hosts, independent of the variability of seasonal factors and habitat characteristics. The necessity of differentiation of sapronoses on saprozoonoses, zooanthroponosis and saprozoonoses with the prospect of separation in the future on phytonoses (including prokaryotes as a reservoir of organisms), phytozoonoses and phytozoonoanthroposes. The principle of separation of biotic reservoirs of pathogens sapronoses and mechanisms of their circulation in parasitic and other symbiotic systems, established in the epidemiology of anthroponoses and zoonoses, will allow to unify the terminology and classification of diseases based on biological approach.