A Review on Benzimidazole Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and Their Medicinal Activity Applications

Abstract

AbstractBenzimidazole is a heterocyclic compound that contains two nitrogen atoms and is formed by fusing a benzene ring with an imidazole. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are prepared in a range of ways, including condensation of o-phenylenediamine with carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) or with carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Benzimidazoles can also be prepared by rearranging other heterocyclic compounds such as quinoxaline derivatives and triazole derivatives. In recent decades, benzimidazoles have been prepared using green methods such as microwaves and ultrasound, the use of environmentally friendly catalysts, and by using photochemical reactions. Benzimidazoles have attracted the interest of scientists and researchers due to the great medical efficacy exhibited by such derivatives against various diseases. The benzimidazole derivatives show many pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antiviral action. This review focuses on benzimidazole and its derivatives, the most important methods used for its preparation, as well as the biological applications of the compound in our daily lives.1 Introduction2 Imidazole and Benzimidazole3 Methods of Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives3.1 Condensation of 2-Aminoaniline (o-Phenylenediamine)3.2 Via Rearrangement3.3 Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole4 Biological Activity of Benzimidazole Derivatives4.1 Anticancer Activity4.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity4.3 Antioxidant Activity4.4 Anticonvulsants Activity4.5 Anticoagulants Activity4.6 Antimicrobial Activity4.7 Other Biological Applications5 Conclusion