Influence of Breed and Body Conformation on Vertebral Implant Insert Angles in Dogs

Abstract

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of breed and body conformation on the vertebral insertion corridor angles for stabilizing spinal surgery in dogs. Study Design Computed tomography studies of the vertebral column of 100 dogs from 10 representatives of 10 FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) breed groups were randomly and blindly evaluated for vertebral insertion corridor angles. Insertion angles were measured for the last six cervical vertebrae (C2–C7), the last four thoracic vertebrae (T10–T13), the seven lumbar vertebrae (L1–L7), and the sacrum (S1). Results Insertion angle was significantly influenced by breed at C6 (p = 0.001), C7 (p = 0.008), T13 (p = 0.032), L6 (p = 0.011), and S1 (p = 0.009). At C6, Pugs had significantly larger mean insertion angles (MIAs) compared with Beagles (p = 0.016), Miniature Dachshunds (p = 0.024), Greyhounds (p = 0.004), and West Highland White Terriers (p = 0.001). English Springer Spaniels had significantly smaller MIA at C7 compared with Siberian Huskies (p = 0.037) and Pugs (p = 0.033). German Shepherds had significantly smaller MIA at L6 compared with Beagles (p = 0.044), Miniature Schnauzers (p = 0.029), and English Springer Spaniels (p = 0.047). Miniature Dachshunds had significantly larger MIA at S1 compared with Beagles (p = 0.009), Pugs (p = 0.015), Miniature Schnauzers (p = 0.010), and English Springer Spaniels (p = 0.006). Conclusion Breed and body conformation are important factors when planning instrumented spinal surgery in dogs. Individualized planning for spinal instrumentation seems to be critical.