Outcome of Laparostomy as a Treatment Measure for Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction Abdominal compartment syndrome is a life-threatening condition that affects critically ill patients. When pressures inside a fixed cavity of the body increases, ischemia, muscle injury, and organ failure can result. Aim To assess the benefits and outcomes of laparostomy for abdominal compartment syndrome. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent a laparostomy procedure as a treatment measure for abdominal compartment syndrome, secondary to different etiologies such as sepsis and major abdominal visceral trauma. Results Although there are a few complications such as incisional hernia in the future following a laparostomy, the mortality rate following the procedure is less than < 10%, thus ensuring a good prognosis for patients who present with acute surgical emergencies. It could also be further noted that an early closure by 7 to 14 days had definite beneficial outcomes as compared with delayed closure of more than 14 days. It prevented most long-term complications such as entero-atmospheric fistula formation or granuloma formation, the outcomes of which were further aided by the use of a transparent custom-made polypropylene mesh. Conclusion Laparostomy is the gold standard treatment for abdominal compartment syndrome. The use of a custom-made polypropylene mesh has proven to have the least complications in the follow-up period. Incisional hernias are the most common complications documented, followed by entero-atmospheric fistula.