Genetic Modifications of Developmental Dyslexia and Its Representation Using In Vivo, In Vitro Model

Author:

Zaki Zakiyyah M.M.1,Ali Siti A.23,Ghazali Mazira M.14,Jam Faidruz A.5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

3. Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

4. Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia

Abstract

AbstractDyslexia is a genetic and heritable disorder that has yet to discover the treatment of it, especially at the molecular and drug intervention levels. This review provides an overview of the current findings on the environmental and genetic factors involved in developmental dyslexia. The latest techniques used in diagnosing the disease and macromolecular factors findings may contribute to a higher degree of development in detangling the proper management and treatment for dyslexic individuals. Furthermore, this review tried to put together all the models used in the current dyslexia research for references in future studies that include animal models as well as in vitro models and how the previous research has provided consistent data across many years and regions. Thus, we suggest furthering the studies using an organoid model based on the existing gene polymorphism, pathways, and neuronal function input.

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

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