Ictal Blinking in Hepatic Encephalopathy Pre- and Post-Liver Transplant: Report of Eight Patients

Abstract

Abstract Objective Seizures are reported in 20 to 30% of cases with chronic liver disease in association with hepatic encephalopathy. Majority of these are focal seizures. Ictal blinking is reported first time in these patients pre- and post-liver transplant. Methods From November 2018 to October 2021, retrospective data was analyzed in patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy, both pre- and post-liver transplant. Results Eight patients had ictal blinking, four were pre-transplant and four post-transplant. Five patients (four after liver transplant and one pre-transplant) were seizure free, three died of liver disease and multiorgan dysfunction, and one did not follow-up. Conclusion Ictal blinking in relation to liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy is reported, often missed and requires short duration antiepileptic medications.