Fluid therapy for dysnatraemia

Abstract

Dysnatraemias (water balance disorders, which present as hypo- or hypernatraemia) are a relatively common primary or comorbidity in hospitalised patients and are associated with increased mortality in dogs and cats, particularly if an appropriate therapy is not instituted. Sodium alterations may be caused by derangements in total body sodium, water or both. Determining patient volume status and osmolality is important in establishing differential diagnoses. The goal of treatment is to return serum sodium levels to normal by correcting sodium and water derangements at an appropriate rate to prevent rapid movement of water in or out of the intracranial space and the potential neurological consequences. Development of an appropriate fluid therapy plan and frequent monitoring of sodium levels are essential for successful treatment of these disorders.