Impact of diagnostic investigations in the management of CAR T-cell–associated neurotoxicity

Author:

Mauget Matteo12ORCID,Lemercier Sophie3ORCID,Quelven Quentin2,Maamar Adel2ORCID,Lhomme Faustine1ORCID,De Guibert Sophie1ORCID,Houot Roch14ORCID,Manson Guillaume1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France

2. 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France

3. 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France

4. 4INSERM, U1236, Rennes, France

Abstract

Abstract International guidelines regarding the management of immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) recommend several diagnostic investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture (LP), and electroencephalogram (EEG) based on ICANS grade. However, the impact of these investigations has not yet been evaluated. Here, we aimed to describe the role of MRI, LP, and EEG in the management of ICANS in a cohort of real-life patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells at the University Hospital of Rennes, France. Between August 2018 and January 2023, a total of 190 consecutive patients were treated with CAR T cells. Among those, 91 (48%) developed ICANS. MRI was performed in 71 patients (78%) with ICANS, with a therapeutic impact in 4% of patients, despite frequent abnormal findings. LP was performed in 43 patients (47%), which led to preemptive antimicrobial agents in 7% of patients, although no infection was eventually detected. Systematic EEG was performed in 51 patients (56%), which led to therapeutic modifications in 16% of patients. Our study shows that EEG is the diagnostic investigation with the greatest therapeutic impact, whereas MRI and LP appear to have a limited therapeutic impact. Our results emphasize the role of EEG in the current guidelines but question the need for systematic MRI and LP, which might be left to the discretion of the treating physician.

Publisher

American Society of Hematology

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