Urethral Melanoma – Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Characteristics

Author:

Mano Roy12,Hoeh Benedikt13,DiNatale Renzo G.145,Sanchez Alejandro16,Benfante Nicole E.1,Reznik Ed4,Leitao Mario M.7,Shoushtari Alexander N.8,Goh Alvin1,Donat S. Machele1,Herr Harry W.1,Bochner Bernard H.1,Dalbagni Guido1,Donahue Timothy F.1

Affiliation:

1. Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

2. Department of Urology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

3. Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

4. Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

5. Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

6. Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

7. Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

8. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mucosal melanoma involving the urethra is a rare disease with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics and poor outcomes. Our current knowledge is limited by the small number of reports regarding this disease. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of urethral melanoma. METHODS: We summarized the clinicopathologic data for 31 patients treated for urethral melanoma from 1986–2017 at our institution. Genomic data from our institutional sequencing platform MSK-IMPACT (n = 5) and gene-specific PCR data on BRAF, KIT, and/or NRAS (n = 8) were compared to genomic data of cutaneous melanomas (n = 143), vulvar/vaginal melanomas (n = 24), and primary non-melanoma urethral tumors (n = 5) from our institutional database. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were diagnosed with localized disease, 7 had regional/nodal involvement and one had metastases. Initial treatment included surgery in 25 patients; seven had multimodal treatment. Median follow-up was 46 months (IQR 33–123). Estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival was 45%. No significant change in survival was observed based on a year of treatment. Primary urethral melanomas showed a higher frequency of TP53 mutations compared to cutaneous (80.0% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.006) and vulvar/vaginal melanomas (80.0 vs. 25.0%, p = 0.04). BRAF mutations were absent in urethral primaries (0% vs. 46% in cutaneous melanoma, p = 0.02). Tumor mutation burden was higher in cutaneous than urethral melanomas (p = 0.04). Urethral melanomas had a higher number of somatic alterations compared to non-melanoma urethral tumors (median 11 vs. 5, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a unique mutational landscape of urethral melanoma compared to cutaneous melanoma. Survival remains poor and is unchanged over the time studied.

Publisher

IOS Press

Subject

Urology,Oncology

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1. Primary malignant melanoma of the male urethra: Case report and review of literature;International Journal of Surgery Case Reports;2023-09

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