Spino-pelvic parameters and back pain in patients without coronal deformity or history of spinal surgery: A cross-sectional analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in spinal sagittal alignment. Most published studies have focused on the role of spinopelvic parameters in patients with adult spinal deformity or in those with previous spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore possible association between disability related to back pain and spinopelvic parameters in the absence of coronal deformity or previous spinal surgery. METHODS: In the setting of a larger study involving patients with low back pain (LBP), those without previous surgery or spinal deformity in the coronal plane were selected. A total of 52 patients (mean age 59 years, range 21–86, 23 men and 29 women) were found. The visual analogic scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire (ODI) were recorded. Surgimap software was used to measure the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics software. Pearson or Spearman correlation were the test of choice depending on the specific variables. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was found between SVA and ODI (r 0.59, p< 0.03). Increased pelvic tilt was also associated with more severe disability related to back pain (r 0.48, p< 0.03). PI-LL mismatch showed moderate association with disability and severity of back pain, although this association did not reach statistical significance (r 0.52, p< 0.08). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that sagittal misalignment may be related with more severe disability and back pain in patients with minor or null deformity in the coronal plane.