Dose Optimization of Apomorphine Sublingual Film for OFF Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease: Is the Prophylactic Use of an Antiemetic Necessary?

Abstract

Background: Nausea is common upon initiating dopamine agonists in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, pretreatment with an antiemetic is recommended only when initiating apomorphine formulations. Objective: Evaluate the need for prophylactic antiemetic use during dose optimization of apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO). Methods: A post hoc analysis of a Phase III study evaluated nausea and vomiting treatment-emergent adverse events in patients with PD who underwent SL-APO dose optimization (10–35 mg; 5-mg increments) to achieve a tolerable FULL ON. Frequencies of nausea and vomiting were described for patients who did versus did not use an antiemetic during dose optimization and by patient subgroups based on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Results: Overall, 43.7% (196/449) of patients did not use an antiemetic during dose optimization; most of these patients (86.2% [169/196]) achieved an effective and tolerable SL-APO dose. In patients who did not use an antiemetic, nausea (12.2% [24/196]) and vomiting (0.5% [1/196]) were uncommon. An antiemetic was used in 56.3% (253/449) of patients, with 17.0% (43/253) and 2.4% (6/253) experiencing nausea and vomiting, respectively. All events of nausea (14.9% [67/449]) and vomiting (1.6% [7/449]) were of mild-to-moderate severity except for 1 event each. Irrespective of antiemetic use, among patients without baseline dopamine agonist use, nausea and vomiting rates were 25.2% (40/159) and 3.8% (6/159); in those already using dopamine agonists, rates were 9.3% (27/290) and 0.3% (1/290). Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with an antiemetic is not necessary for most patients who initiate SL-APO for the treatment of OFF episodes in PD.