Paclitaxel Decreases the Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Improves Oxygenation in Breast Cancers in Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Clinical Implications

Abstract

Purpose It has been hypothesized that tumors with high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and/or hypoxia respond poorly to chemotherapy (CT) because of poor drug delivery. Preclinical studies have shown that paclitaxel reduces the IFP and improves the oxygenation (pO2) of tumors. Our aim is to evaluate the IFP and pO2 before and after neoadjuvant CT using sequential paclitaxel and doxorubicin in patients with breast cancer tumors of ≥ 3 cm. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned, according to an institutional review board–approved phase II protocol, to receive neoadjuvant sequential CT consisting of either four cycles of dose-dense doxorubicin at 60 mg/m2 every 2 weeks followed by nine cycles of weekly paclitaxel at 80 mg/m2 (group 1) or vice versa, with paclitaxel administered before doxorubicin (group 2). Patients were re-evaluated clinically and radiologically. The IFP (wick-in-needle technique) and pO2 (Eppendorf) were measured in tumors at baseline and after completing the administration of the first and second drug. Results IFP and pO2 were measured in 54 patients at baseline and after the first CT. Twenty-nine and 25 patients were randomly assigned to groups 1 and 2, respectively. Paclitaxel, when administered first, decreased the mean IFP by 36% (P = .02) and improved the tumor pO2 by almost 100% (P = .003). In contrast, doxorubicin did not have a significant effect on either parameter. This difference was independent of the tumor size or response measured by ultrasound. Conclusion Paclitaxel significantly decreased the IFP and increased the pO2, whereas doxorubicin did not cause any significant changes. Tumor physiology could potentially be used to optimize the sequence of neoadjuvant CT in breast cancer.