A review of the functional activities of chia seed and the mechanisms of action related to molecular targets

Abstract

Chia seeds regulate glucose, fat metabolism and alleviate inflammation by up- or down-regulating key gene targets in MAPK, AMPK, TGF-β, PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and IRS mediated insulin signaling pathways. However, some mechanisms of action are still unknown and require speculation and research.