Nano-bioremediation and Multi-omics: Pioneering Sustainable Strategies for Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Nano-bioremediation emerges as a promising approach for sustainable development, seamlessly combining nanotechnology and bioremediation techniques to tackle environmental pollution and restore contaminated sites. This innovative strategy utilises nanomaterials to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional bioremediation methods. The unique properties of nanomaterials, including their increased reactivity and high surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitate faster degradation rates and a broader range of pollutant removal, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and emerging contaminants. Nanoparticles, such as zero-valent iron (ZVI) and carbon nanotubes, serve as carriers and catalysts for pollutant degradation, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of bioremediation processes. Also, by integrating multiple “omics” disciplines such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, this approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between nanomaterials, microorganisms, and pollutants in environmental remediation. It enables researchers to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the biodegradation and transformation of contaminants, leading to more efficient and targeted strategies for remediation. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates the treatment of contaminated sites by minimising the environmental impact, offers potential for in situ remediation, and aligns with the principles of sustainable development by promoting natural microbial processes. With continued research and responsible implementation, nano-bioremediation holds immense potential for addressing environmental challenges and fostering a more sustainable future.