Author:
Murphy Bridget M.,Greve Matthais,Runge Benjamin,Koops Christian T.,Elsen Annika,Stettner Jochim,Seeck Oliver H.,Magnussen Olaf M.
Abstract
The study of liquid–liquid interfaces with X-ray scattering methods requires special instrumental considerations. A dedicated liquid surface diffractometer employing a tilting double-crystal monochromator in Bragg geometry has been designed. This diffractometer allows reflectivity and grazing-incidence scattering measurements of an immobile mechanically completely decoupled liquid sample, providing high mechanical stability. The available energy range is from 6.4 to 29.4 keV, covering many important absorption edges. The instrument provides access in momentum space out to 2.54 Å−1in the surface normal and out to 14.8 Å−1in the in-plane direction at 29.4 keV. Owing to its modular design the diffractometer is also suitable for heavy apparatus such as vacuum chambers. The instrument performance is described and examples of X-ray reflectivity studies performed underin situelectrochemical control and on biochemical model systems are given.
Publisher
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Subject
Instrumentation,Nuclear and High Energy Physics,Radiation
Cited by
46 articles.
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